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صاحب الموقع
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عدد المساهمات : 37
تاريخ الميلاد : 12/12/1981
تاريخ التسجيل : 27/07/2011
العمر : 42
 | | موضوع: The Quran on Human Embryonic Development مراحل تطور الجنين في القرآن الأحد أغسطس 28, 2011 2:31 pm | |
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You are here: Islam Guide Home
> Chapter 1, Some
Evidence
for the Truth of Islam > (1) The Scientific
Miracles in the Holy Quran
> A) The Quran on Human Embryonic Development
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A)
The Quran on Human Embryonic Development:
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In the Holy Quran, God speaks about
the stages of man’s embryonic development:
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 We created man from an extract of
clay. Then We made him as a drop in a place of settlement, firmly
fixed.
Then We
made the drop into an alaqah (leech, suspended thing, and blood
clot), then We made the
alaqah into a mudghah (chewed substance)...  1
(Quran, 23:12-14)
Literally, the Arabic word alaqah
has three meanings: (1) leech, (2) suspended thing, and (3) blood clot.
In
comparing a leech to an embryo in the alaqah
stage, we find similarity between the two2
as we can see in figure 1. Also, the
embryo at this stage obtains nourishment from the blood of the mother,
similar
to the leech, which feeds on the blood of others.3
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Figure 1: Drawings
illustrating the
similarities in appearance between a leech and a human embryo at
the alaqah
stage. (Leech drawing from Human Development as Described in
the Quran
and Sunnah, Moore and others, p. 37, modified from Integrated
Principles of Zoology, Hickman and others. Embryo drawing
from The
Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 73.)
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The second meaning of the word
alaqah
is “suspended thing.” This is what we can see in figures 2 and 3, the
suspension of the embryo, during the alaqah
stage, in the womb of the mother.
Figure 2: We can see in this
diagram
the suspension of an embryo during the alaqah stage in the
womb
(uterus) of the mother. (The Developing Human, Moore and
Persaud,
5th ed., p. 66.) (Click on the image to enlarge it.)
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Figure 3: In this
photomicrograph, we
can see the suspension of an embryo (marked B) during the alaqah
stage (about 15 days old) in the womb of the mother. The actual
size
of the embryo is about 0.6 mm. (The Developing Human,
Moore, 3rd
ed., p. 66, from Histology, Leeson and Leeson.)
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The third meaning of the word alaqah
is “blood clot.” We find that the external appearance of the embryo
and its sacs during the alaqah
stage is similar to that of a blood clot. This is due to the presence
of
relatively large amounts of blood present in the embryo during this
stage4
(see figure 4). Also during this stage, the
blood in the embryo does not circulate until the end of the third week.5
Thus, the embryo at this stage is like
a clot of blood.
Figure 4: Diagram of the
primitive
cardiovascular system in an embryo during the alaqah
stage.
The external appearance of the embryo and its sacs is similar to
that of a
blood clot, due to the presence of relatively large amounts of
blood
present in the embryo. (The Developing Human, Moore, 5th
ed., p.
65.) (Click on the image to enlarge it.)
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So the three meanings of the word
alaqah
correspond accurately to the descriptions of the embryo at the
alaqah
stage.
The next stage mentioned in the verse is
the mudghah
stage. The Arabic word mudghah
means “chewed substance.” If one were to take a piece of gum and
chew it in his or her mouth and then compare it with an embryo at the
mudghah
stage, we would conclude that the embryo at the mudghah
stage acquires the appearance of a chewed substance. This is because
of
the somites at the back of the embryo that “somewhat resemble teethmarks
in
a chewed substance.”6 (see
figures 5 and 6).
Figure 5: Photograph of an
embryo at
the mudghah stage (28 days old). The embryo at this stage
acquires the appearance of a chewed substance, because the somites
at
the back of the embryo somewhat resemble teeth marks in a chewed
substance. The actual size of the embryo is 4 mm. (The
Developing
Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 82, from Professor Hideo
Nishimura, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.)
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Figure 6: When comparing the
appearance of an embryo
at the mudghah stage with a piece of gum that has been
chewed, we
find similarity between the two.
A) Drawing of an embryo at the mudghah stage. We
can
see here the somites at the back of the embryo that look like
teeth marks.
(The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 79.)
B) Photograph of a piece of gum that has been chewed.
(Click on the image to enlarge it.)
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How
could Muhammad 
have possibly known all this 1400 years ago, when scientists have only
recently
discovered this using advanced equipment and powerful microscopes which
did not
exist at that time? Hamm and Leeuwenhoek were the first scientists to
observe
human sperm cells (spermatozoa) using an improved microscope in 1677
(more than
1000 years after Muhammad ).
They mistakenly thought that the sperm cell contained a miniature
preformed
human being that grew when it was deposited in the female genital tract.7
Professor
Emeritus Keith L. Moore8 is
one of the world’s most prominent scientists in the
fields of anatomy and embryology and is the author of the book entitled
The
Developing Human, which has been translated into eight languages.
This book is a scientific
reference work and was chosen by a special committee in the United
States as the
best book authored by one person. Dr. Keith Moore is Professor Emeritus
of
Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
There,
he was Associate Dean of Basic Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine and
for 8
years was the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy. In 1984, he
received the
most distinguished award presented in the field of anatomy in Canada,
the J.C.B.
Grant Award from the Canadian Association of Anatomists. He has
directed many
international associations, such as the Canadian and American
Association of
Anatomists and the Council of the Union of Biological Sciences.
In
1981, during the Seventh Medical Conference in Dammam, Saudi Arabia,
Professor
Moore said: “It has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify
statements
in the Quran about human development. It is clear to me that these
statements
must have come to Muhammad from God, because almost all of this
knowledge was
not discovered until many centuries later. This proves to me that
Muhammad must
have been a messenger of God.”9
(To view the
RealPlayer video of this comment click
here  ).
Consequently,
Professor Moore was asked the following question: “Does this mean that
you
believe that the Quran is the word of God?” He replied: “I find no
difficulty in accepting this.”10
During
one conference, Professor Moore stated: “....Because the staging of
human
embryos is complex, owing to the continuous process of change during
development, it is proposed that a new system of classification could be
developed using the terms mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah
(what Muhammad said, did, or
approved of). The proposed system is simple, comprehensive, and
conforms with present embryological knowledge. The intensive studies of
the Quran
and hadeeth
(reliably transmitted reports by the Prophet Muhammad’s
companions of what he said, did, or approved of) in the
last four years have
revealed a system for classifying human embryos that is amazing since it
was
recorded in the seventh century A.D. Although Aristotle, the founder of
the
science of embryology, realized that chick embryos developed in stages
from his
studies of hen’s eggs in the fourth century B.C., he did not give any
details
about these stages. As far as it is known from the history of
embryology, little
was known about the staging and classification of human embryos until
the
twentieth century. For this reason, the descriptions of the human
embryo in the Quran
cannot be based on scientific knowledge in the seventh century. The
only
reasonable conclusion is: these descriptions were revealed to Muhammad
from God.
He could not have known such details because he was an illiterate man
with
absolutely no scientific training.”11
(View the
RealPlayer video of this comment ).
Next:
The Quran on Mountains |
_____________________________
Footnotes:
(1) Please note
that what is between
these special brackets ... in this web site is only a translation of the
meaning of the Quran. It is not the Quran
itself, which is in Arabic. 
(2) The
Developing Human, Moore and
Persaud, 5th ed., p. 8.
(3) Human
Development as
Described in the Quran and Sunnah, Moore and others, p. 36.
(4) Human
Development as Described in the Quran and Sunnah, Moore and others,
pp. 37-38.
(5) The
Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 65.
(6) The
Developing Human, Moore and
Persaud, 5th ed., p. 8.
(7) The
Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 9.
( Note: The
occupations of all the
scientists mentioned in this web site were last updated in 1997.
(9) The reference
for this saying is
This
is the Truth
(videotape). For a copy of this videotape, please visit this page.
(10) This is
the Truth
(videotape).
(11) This is
the Truth
(videotape). For a copy, see footnote no. 9.
Home Page: www.islam-guide.com
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